Temperament
An inborn predisposition to interact and react to the environment in a particular style
*Fearful ( slow to warm up)
• Feisty ( difficult)
• Flexible ( easy)
Attachment
- The enduring relationship of trust and affection that serves to connect child and caregiver.
- Develops as caregivers respond to the child’s needs : Provide consistent attention and affection
- Provides a secure attachment which serves as base for the child as they explore the world- Assists cognitive development.
- Erikson: Trust vs. Mistrust: establishment of a sense of trust is the major task of infancy
- Insecure attachment when needs are not met- view world with distrust, fear, anxiety,
- Obstacles to attachment: addiction, depression, illness, separation.
Emotional development
- Beginning emotion of comfort or distress
- Basic emotions: sad, happy, fear, anger develop during the 6 months
- Social smile: around week 6 :develops connection to others
- Stranger anxiety and separation anxiety develops after 6 months> (related to cognitive development/ object permanence)
- Social referencing- look to trusted other for cues in unfamiliar / uncertain situations
- Self awareness ( 18-24 months)- leads to emotions such as shame, embarrassment, pride.
Autonomy
- Autonomy: A growing sense of individual identity
- Erickson: Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
- No!!! Mine!!!!!
- Growing self-help skills. Good to encourage
**********************************************************
Study guide
§ Prenatal
§ Gestation=38 weeks after conception Age of viability
§ 3 main prenatal periods: Germinal/ Embryo/ Fetal : know main developmental processes of each
§ Implantation ( most fertilized eggs don’t survive to birth)
§ Differentiation
§ Placenta/ Umbilical cord
§ Amniotic sac/ Amniotic fluid Chorion- outer protective layer of womb
§ Neural tube ( beginning structure of the brains and central nervous system)
§ Folic acid to prevent spinal bifida and other abnormalities
§ Teratogens: drugs/ social-emotional/ toxins/ diseases/ behavioral --- Sensitive period
§ FAS
§ Prenatal testing: Ultrasound Amniocentesis Chorionic villi sampling
§ Triple screen ( blood test) Fetal Alpha Protein
§ 3 main Stages of labor at the major processes of each
§ Dilation and effacement/ delivery of the child/delivery of the placenta
§ Normal/ low/ very low birth weight: some causes
§ Normal gestation period/ Preterm : some causes and effects
§ Risk for teen mom’s
§ Apgar test
- SIDS ( risk factors) Post-partum depression Advantages of breast feeding
- Reflexes ( involuntary reaction to stimuli) rooting, sucking, grasping, mor0 ( absence of may indicate neurological damage)
- Brain- neuron – dendrite-axon-synapse—myelin –connections through stimulation—(Piaget-sensorimotor stage) (Vygotsky guided participation) Language development : crying, cooing, babbling, first word- child directed speech- approaches to how language develops- encouraging language development in the first two years)
- Trust vs mistrust- Autonomy vs shame doubt Attachment- Temperament- social smile-- separation anxiety- stranger anxiety-self-awareness emotions
- Basic milestones from the three main domains – ( Some will be posted on class page)